ENDOUROLOGY

Endourology refers to minimally invasive procedures performed using natural urinary tract passages (urethra, bladder, ureter, kidney) with the help of endoscopes.

  1. Urethra

Common Procedures:

  • Direct Visual Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU):
    Endoscopic incision of urethral stricture.
  • Endoscopic Dilatation:
    Gradual dilatation of urethral strictures using dilators.
  • Foreign Body Removal:
    Endoscopic retrieval of stones or foreign objects.
  1. Bladder

Common Procedures:

  • Cystoscopy:
    Diagnostic procedure for visualization of bladder mucosa.
  • Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT):
    Endoscopic removal of bladder tumors.
  • Bladder Stone Lithotripsy:
    Fragmentation and removal of bladder calculi using laser, pneumatic or ultrasonic devices.
  • PCCL

Percutaneous Cystolithotripsy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove bladder stones.

  • Intravesical Therapy (via cystoscopy):
    Instillation of drugs (e.g., BCG for bladder cancer).

 

  1. Prostate

Common Procedures:

  • Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP):
    Gold standard surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  • Laser Prostatectomy:
    Thulium Laser Enucleation (THULEP)
  • Transurethral Incision of Prostate (TUIP):
    For small-sized prostates causing obstruction.
  • Prostate Biopsy (via TRUS guidance)/ Perineal prostate biopsies:
    Endoscopic or needle-based approach.
  1. Ureter

Common Procedures:

  • Ureteroscopy (URS):
    • Rigid URS: For distal ureteric stones.
    • Flexible URS (RIRS): For proximal ureter/kidney stones.
  • Stone Fragmentation & Removal:
    Using Holmium laser lithotripsy.
  • Ureteral Stenting:
    DJ stent placement for obstruction, post-surgery drainage.

 

  1. Kidney

Common Procedures:

  • Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL):
    Standard/endoscopic procedure for large renal stones via percutaneous access.
  • Mini-PCNL, Ultra-mini PCNL, Micro-PCNL:
    Modifications with smaller tract sizes.
  • Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS):
    Flexible ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy for renal stones.
  • Endopyelotomy:
    Endoscopic incision for ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
  1. Seminal vesicles
  • Seminal vesiculoscopy

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